Bash is the default shell for most Linux distributions.  It serves as a scripting and automation language as well as a command line interpreter 
Peter Krumins over at CatOnMat.net has posted a guide and some cheat sheets on how to use Bash's vi editing mode.
Check them out here: http://www.catonmat.net/blog/bash-vi-editing-mode-cheat-sheet/?search=vi
For information on Bash scripting I will refer you to the Advanced Bas Scripting Guide available online here: http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/
And for information on vim (which is a common vi-alike found on Linux) I will refer you to http://www.vim.org